The TM symbol may be used by any business claiming trademark rights regardless of registration status. Use of TM provides no statutory protection by itself under Indian law. The R symbol may only be used after the Trade Marks Registry has issued a certificate of registration. Under Section 107 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999, falsely representing a trademark as registered is a criminal offence punishable with imprisonment of up to three years, or a fine, or both.
